Ordinal Numbers in Japanese, First to Tenth & Common Set Phrases

Japanese doesn’t have a single “-th” ending like English. Instead, you make ordinal numbers in three main ways: add (め)to a counter reading (三回目 “third time,” 五人目 “fifth person”), use 番目 after a plain number (二番目 “second”), or use the Sino-Japanese prefix 第〜 for formal order (第一章 “Chapter One,” 第三四半期 “Q3”). All three are common; choose based on context and tone. This guide gives you clean patterns for first through tenth, then shows the set phrases you’ll actually hear.

Quick rule: counter + 目 makes an ordinal of that counter. If there is no counter, 番目 works for a general “first/second/third.” For headlines, documents, and signs, 第 + number feels most formal.

First to tenth — three ways to say it

EnglishGeneral (番目)Formal (第〜)Object-focused (〜つ目)Notes
1st一番目(いちばんめ)第一(だいいち)一つ目(ひとつめ)最初(さいしょ) = “the first / at first.” 初(はつ) = “first-ever” (初恋, 初回, 初日).
2nd二番目(にばんめ)第二(だいに)二つ目(ふたつめ)“Second best” = 二番手; formal fields: 第二言語.
3rd三番目(さんばんめ)第三(だいさん)三つ目(みっつめ)Ranking/placement often uses (い): 第三位.
4th四番目(よんばんめ)第四(だいよん)四つ目(よっつめ)Use よん rather than し in modern speech.
5th五番目(ごばんめ)第五(だいご)五つ目(いつつめ)Positions: 第五位, schools: 第五中学校.
6th六番目(ろくばんめ)第六(だいろく)六つ目(むっつめ)Careful with sokuon in むっつめ.
7th七番目(ななばんめ)第七(だいなな / だいしち)七つ目(ななつめ)Prefer なな in speech; しち occurs in formal items.
8th八番目(はちばんめ)第八(だいはち)八つ目(やっつめ)Sokuon: やっつめ.
9th九番目(きゅうばんめ)第九(だいきゅう)九つ目(ここのつめ)Set phrase: 第九交響曲 (Beethoven’s Ninth).
10th十番目(じゅうばんめ)第十(だいじゅう)十個目(じゅっこめ)With counters, attach : 十ページ目, 十人目.
一番 by itself usually means “the best / number one,” not “first in order.” For strict order in casual speech, say 一番目 or 最初.

Make ordinals with counters: counter + 目

Attach (め)to a counter to turn the count into an ordinal. The reading of the counter stays the same; only the meaning shifts from “quantity” to “position/order.”

CounterOrdinal patternExamples
回(かい) times ◯回目(…かいめ) 一回目 いっかいめ (the first time), 三回目 さんかいめ (third time)
人(にん) people ◯人目(…にんめ) 五人目 ごにんめ (fifth person), 二人目 ふたりめ (second child)
番(ばん) turn / number ◯番目(…ばんめ) 四番目 よんばんめ (4th in line)
ページ page ◯ページ目 十ページ目 (page ten), 二ページ目
章(しょう) chapter 第◯章 第一章 (Chapter 1), 第三章
CounterOrdinal patternExamples
階(かい) floor ◯階 / ◯階目 三階 さんがい (3rd floor); when emphasizing order: 三階目
列(れつ) row ◯列目 二列目 にれつめ (second row)
本(ほん) long items ◯本目(…ほんめ) 三本目 さんぼんめ (third bottle/line)
試合(しあい) match 第◯戦(だい…せん) 第七戦 (Game 7)
四半期 第◯四半期 第三四半期 (Q3)
With , you generally don’t add . Say 第一回 (the first session), not 第一回目 in formal writing. In casual talk both may occur, but keep documents clean.

Set phrases you’ll hear all the time

  • 最初(さいしょ)= the first / at first. 最初のページ.
  • 最終(さいしゅう)= the final. 最終回 (final episode).
  • 一番(いちばん)= number one / the best. 一番好き.
  • 二番手・三番手 = the #2 / #3 position in a team or lineup.
  • 第一印象(だいいち いんしょう)= first impression.
  • 第一歩(だいいっぽ)= first step.
  • 初日(しょにち)= opening day; 初回(しょかい)= first time/first inning.
  • 第〜志望(だい〜しぼう)= first/second/third choice (schools, jobs).
  • 第〜節・第〜条 = Section/Article numbers in laws and specs.
  • 〜度目(どめ)= “the N-th time” using 度: 二度目(にどめ).
  • 〜作目/〜本目 = artist’s “Nth work” / “Nth piece.”
  • 〜回戦 = N-th round in a tournament: 二回戦.

For ranks and placements (1st place, 2nd place), use (い): 第一位, 第二位, 第三位. In conversation you can also say 一位/二位/三位 without 第.

Mini patterns by situation

SituationNatural JapaneseMeaning
Lines & turns 私は三番目です。三人目です。 I’m third (in order / the third person).
Attempts 今回は二回目の挑戦です。 This is my second try.
Chapters & sections 第二章を読み始めた。 I started Chapter Two.
Rows & pages 四列目の席/五ページ目 Fourth row seat / page five.
Competitions 男子100mで第一位。 1st place in men’s 100 m.
Calendars 第三月曜日に会いましょう。 Let’s meet on the third Monday.
Dates (1st–10th of the month) use special words like ついたち/ふつか/みっか. Those are calendar terms, not general ordinals, but they behave like “the 1st/2nd/3rd (day).”

Pronunciation checkpoints

  • いっかいめ/いっぽ/いっちょう: note the small っ (sokuon) after in many compounds.
  • だいなな/だいしち: both occur; everyday speech prefers なな.
  • With 番目 you’ll normally read 4/7/9 as よん・なな・きゅう.
  • 一番 alone means “best” more often than “first”; for order say 一番目 or 最初.